Phages are divided into lysogenic phages and lytic phages according to their life cycles. Lysogenic phages can amplify and lyse bacteria in the host and cause bacteria to die. lysogenic phages are to integrate their own genomes into the host. In bacterial genomes, phage replication occurs with the replication of bacterial genomes. Most of the genes carried by the prophage are suppressed by the repressor expressed by the phage itself and cannot be expressed. Only under the influence of certain physical and chemical factors, the repressor is inactivated and enters the lysis cycle. lysogenic phages are generally avoided for direct therapeutic application because they may integrate their own genomes into the host bacteria, potentially incorporating some virulence genes into the host bacteria, and making the target strain immune to infection by other phages. However, some bacteria, especially anaerobic bacteria, seem to have difficulty in isolation with strictly virulent phages. Recent advances in synthetic biology have led researchers to develop strategies to engineer lysogenic phages into lytic phages that interfere with vital life processes within cells to cause death or resensitize bacteria to antibiotics.
Fig 1. The CRISPR–Cas pathway and its application to phage genome editing (Hatoum-Aslan A, 2018) Creative Biolabs' phage genetic engineering platform supports different types of lysogenic phage engineering. Our team consists of seasoned senior biologists who have accumulated extensive experience in the development of genetic modification methods and are constantly pushing the research of phage genetic engineering to a higher standard. Our services are listed below, but are not limited to:
Technologies such as CRISPR and BRED (bacteriophage recombineering with eletroporated DNA) can be used to engineer mild phages into virulent phages that can be used for therapy.
CRISPR-Cas systems, particularly the three main types (I, II, and III), can be used to genetically engineer phages that infect different hosts. CRISPR–Cas systems are a class of adaptive immune systems that use small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and Cas nucleases to detect and destroy foreign nucleic acids.
Bacteriophage recombination of electroporated DNA (BRED) is a simple and efficient method for directed mutagenesis of phage genomes in which a highly efficient recombination system is used directly on electroporated phage DNA; no selection is required, and mutants can be easily detected by PCR.
Creative Biolabs can meet the needs of customers by providing lysogenic phage engineering services on time and on budget. We have in-depth knowledge and experience of the tools and processes involved in the phage projects. Our skilled and dedicated scientific researchers ensure that the most suitable methods and techniques are selected for your project. If necessary, please feel free to contact us.
Please kindly note that our services can only be used to support research purposes (Not for clinical use).
Creative Biolabs is a globally recognized phage company. Creative Biolabs is committed to providing researchers with the most reliable service and the most competitive price.
