According to the structure of the recombinase and the difference in amino acid residues when cutting DNA molecules, phage recombinases can be divided into two categories: tyrosine recombinases and serine recombinases. Tyrosine-type recombinases catalyze the formation of Holliday junction intermediates, while serine-type recombinases act through a mechanism that involves 180° rotation and rejoining of cleaved substrate DNA. Tyrosine-type recombinases destroy single strands DNA and form covalent 3'-phosphotyrosine bonds, facilitating reversible recombination between two identical sites. Serine recombinases disrupt DNA double strands and form covalent 5'-phosphoserine bonds, facilitating unidirectional recombination between two distinct sites. The reaction can only be reversed in the presence of the corresponding recombination orientation factor (RDF) of the enzyme. In contrast, mutations in the core sequence of the serine recombinase recognition site did not affect the specificity of recombinase recognition, while tyrosine recombinase had no effect on the recognition site. Phage recombinases have strict host specificity due to differences in bacterial origin and protein crystal structure.
Fig 1. Recombinase Superfamily (Wang Y, et al, 2011)
Phage recombinases can efficiently and exclusively achieve recombination between specific sites, and the ability to recombine DNA is not limited by the size of fragments. Phage recombination systems are gradually applied to large-scale knockout, integration, and in vitro multi-fragment assembly in microorganisms, Drosophila, and mammals.
Tyrosine recombinase production
The tyrosine recombinase family includes the Cre-lox, FLP-FRT and R-RS systems, where Cre, FLP and R are bidirectional tyrosine recombinases and lox, FRT and RS are each the same DNA recognition site.
The serine recombinase family also has two distinct members, which are divided based on the size of the enzyme. The minor serine subfamily contains β-hexa, γδ-res, CinH-RS2 and ParA-MRS.
Creative Biolabs can meet the needs of customers by providing production services of phage recombinases on time and on budget. We have in-depth knowledge and experience of the tools and processes involved in the phage projects. Our skilled and dedicated scientific researchers ensure that the most suitable methods and techniques are selected for your project. If necessary, please feel free to contact us.
Please kindly note that our services can only be used to support research purposes (Not for clinical use).
Creative Biolabs is a globally recognized phage company. Creative Biolabs is committed to providing researchers with the most reliable service and the most competitive price.
